Since humanity's first steps on the moon, the aspiration to extend human civilization beyond Earth has been a central ...

Famed anthropologist Margaret Mead was once asked, “What was the first sign of human civilization?” You might think she would have mentioned prehistoric cave drawings, the discovery of fire, or ...

Mar Short, a Martian jazz-house artist, was born and raised in lava tubes at the bottom of the Valles Marineris, a 2,500-mile-long canyon that stretches along the Red Planet’s equator. Short’s ...

Robert Zubrin, likely the planet’s leading strategist for landing humans on Mars, and then remaking it in the Earth’s image, predicts SpaceX’s colossal Starship will be the first spacecraft ever to ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Kevin Holden Platt writes on space defense, SpaceX, ISS, Space War I ...

Introduction: The man-made world / Stuart Piggott -- The first half-million years / Grahame Clark -- Roots in the soil / James Mellaart -- The birth of written history / M.E.L. Mallowan -- The rise of ...