Calculus of variations establishes a framework to determine the extrema of functionals—mappings from functions to real numbers—which has been pivotal in elucidating natural principles such as the ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract In this paper, Bernstein polynomials method (BPM) and their operational matrices are adopted to obtain approximate analytical solutions of ...

Applied mathematics is a dynamic and interdisciplinary field that develops and utilises mathematical methods to resolve complex problems in science, engineering, finance and beyond. It encompasses a ...